Comparación de rendimiento estructural entre los aceros ASTM A36 y A500 Grado B en contextos de ingeniería automotriz [Comparison of Structural Performance between ASTM A36 and A500 Grade B Steels in Automotive Engineering Contexts]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62574/rmpi.v5iTecnologia.425Palabras clave:
acero, propiedades mecánicas, tracción, ductilidad, sostenibilidad, (Fuente: Tesauro UNESCO).Resumen
Esta labor lleva a cabo un análisis comparativo de las características mecánicas de los aceros estructurales ASTM A36 y ASTM A500 Grado B, empleando perfiles tubulares cuadrados de 50×50×3 mm que han sido sometidos a pruebas normalizadas de tracción y flexión. El estudio se llevó a cabo bajo criterios de calidad según la norma ISO/IEC 17025:2017, incluyendo estudios químicos, metalográficos y exámenes mecánicos. Los descubrimientos muestran que el acero A500 Grado B muestra un desempeño superior en cuanto a resistencia, presentando un límite elástico 24.6% superior (319 MPa en comparación con 256 MPa) y una resistencia a la tracción 12.8% superior (459 MPa en comparación con 407 MPa). Sin embargo, el acero A36 demostró una ductilidad más alta (21.3% en comparación con 17.8%). Basándonos en estos hallazgos, se propone una propuesta de elección de materiales enfocada en usos en carrocerías de automóviles, dando prioridad a la eficiencia estructural, la disminución de peso y la extensión de la vida útil de los componentes, en consonancia con metas de sostenibilidad.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Edwin Javier Morejón-Sánchez , Esteban Fernando López-Espinel , Andrés Edisson Águila-León , Mario Fernando Vargas-Brito
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