Comparison of Structural Performance between ASTM A36 and A500 Grade B Steels in Automotive Engineering Contexts [Comparación de rendimiento estructural entre los aceros ASTM A36 y A500 Grado B en contextos de ingeniería automotriz]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62574/rmpi.v5iTecnologia.425Keywords:
steel, mechanical properties, tension, ductility, sustainability, (Source: UNESCO Thesaurus).Abstract
This study presents a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of structural steels ASTM A36 and ASTM A500 Grade B, using square tubular profiles of 50×50×3 mm subjected to standardized tensile and bending tests. The research was conducted under quality criteria in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2017 standards, including chemical characterization, metallographic studies, and mechanical evaluations. The findings indicate that ASTM A500 Grade B exhibits superior performance in terms of strength, showing a 24.6% higher yield strength (319 MPa compared to 256 MPa) and a 12.8% greater tensile strength (459 MPa compared to 407 MPa). However, ASTM A36 demonstrated higher ductility (21.3% compared to 17.8%). Based on these results, a material selection strategy is proposed for automotive body applications, prioritizing structural efficiency, weight reduction, and extended service life of critical components, in alignment with sustainability objectives.
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