Dynamic force evaluation in steering mechanisms for integration into automotive steer-by-wire systems [Evaluación dinámica de fuerzas en mecanismo de dirección para integración de sistemas Steer-by-Wire automotrices]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62574/rmpi.v5iTecnologia.413Keywords:
vehicle steering, steer-by-wire systems, hydraulic assistance, (Source: UNESCO Thesaurus).Abstract
The study analyses the maximum forces required in the steering system of the Great Wall H6 vehicle without considering the built-in assistance. Through direct measurements of geometric parameters and the application of specific equations, the force required on the steering wheel and the torque required on the rack were determined. The results show that a force of 168.43 N is required on the steering wheel, exceeding the regulatory limit of 150 N, which justifies the need for hydraulic assistance. The torque calculated on the rack of 31 Nm is the minimum value for implementing electric steering or automatic parking systems. The efficiency of the rack system reaches 96.5%, significantly reducing driver effort. The findings provide fundamental data for the design of automated steering systems and verify compliance with international vehicle safety standards.
Downloads
References
Asociación de Empresas Automotrices del Ecuador. (2024). Anuario 2023. AEADE.
Barton, D. C., & Fieldhouse, J. D. (2024). Automotive chassis engineering. Springer.
Cascajosa, M. (2015). Ingeniería de vehículos, sistemas y cálculos. Tébar Flores.
Cámara de la Industria Automotriz Ecuatoriana. (2024). Boletín parque automotor circulante. CINAE.
Comisión Económica para Europa de las Naciones Unidas. (2018). Prescripciones uniformes relativas a la homologación de vehículos por lo que respecta al mecanismo de dirección [2018/1947]. Comisión Económica para Europa de las Naciones Unidas.
Irmer, M., Degen, R., Nüßgen, A., Thomas, K., Henrichfreise, H., & Ruschitzka, M. (2023). Development and analysis of a detail model for steer-by-wire systems. IEEE Access, 11, 7229–7236.
Jazar, R. N. (2025). Vehicle dynamics: Theory and application (4th ed.). Springer.
Klomp, M., Bruzelius, F., Bergström, O., Jansson, J., Brink, F., & Wennberg, L. (2024). Steer-by-wire – The challenge of angles and torque. In W. Huang & M. Ahmadian (Eds.), Advances in dynamics of vehicles on roads and tracks III. IAVSD 2023. Lecture notes in mechanical engineering (pp. 771–781). Springer.
Lee, J.-H., Park, J.-W., Woo, J., Kim, S., Kwon, B., Jo, S.-H., & Jeong, J.-H. (2025). Integrated inspection system based on CAN communication for inspecting steering wheels with HOD module. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 20(2), 947–957.
Luan, Z., Zhao, W., & Wang, C. (2024). Mode switching and consistency control for electric hydraulic hybrid steering system. Automotive Innovation, 7(2), 166–181.
Revista técnica de Centro Zaragoza. (2021, 9 de febrero). Sistemas de dirección del automóvil. https://revistacentrozaragoza.com/sistemas-direccion-automovil/
Solis Obando, K. D., Yaselga, E., & Guevara, M. (2022). El sistema de dirección y el papel que desarrolla en los vehículos. Polo del Conocimiento, 7(3), 911–929.
Song, X., Fritzell Westlund, M., Drugge, L., & Zhao, L. (2024). A study on the influence of steer-by-wire failure modes on driving safety. In W. Huang & M. Ahmadian (Eds.), Advances in dynamics of vehicles on roads and tracks III. IAVSD 2023. Lecture notes in mechanical engineering (pp. 671–683). Springer.
Su, L. (2023). Analysis of the car model and Ackermann's steering geometry. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology, 73, 1–13.
Wu, X., & Li, W. (2020). Variable steering ratio control of steer-by-wire vehicle to improve handling performance. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 234(3), 774–782.
Zhou, S., Li, Y., & Tong, S. (2024). Event-triggered adaptive fuzzy finite-time control for steer-by-wire vehicle systems. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 26(4), 1191–1202.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Giovanny VinicioI Pineda-Silva, José Pablo Proaño-Remache, Antonio Gabriel Castillo-Medina, Juan Diego Zurita-Vargas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
CC BY-NC-SA : This license allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon the material in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes only, and only if attribution is given to the creator. If you remix, adapt or build upon the material, you must license the modified material under identical terms.
OAI-PMH URL: https://rperspectivasinvestigativas.org/index.php/multidiscipinaria/oai
